Experimental Evaluation of Exhaust Emission Characteristics and Fuel Consumption of an F8A Engine with HHO Electrolyzer Addition
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Jun 30, 2026
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Abstract
Growing vehicle use has increased interest in combustion additives that may reduce fuel use and exhaust emissions in conventional engines. This study evaluated an HHO-based electrolyzer system applied to a carburetted F8A engine without internal engine modification. An experimental comparison was conducted under standard operation without HHO and with an active electrolyzer at 800, 2000, 3000, and 4000 rpm. The measured parameters were CO, CO₂, HC, O₂, lambda, and fuel consumption. HHO addition reduced HC emissions by 14.2%, decreased O₂ by 18.5%, increased CO₂ by 10.9%, and shifted lambda from 1.197 to 1.124, indicating a movement toward more complete combustion. However, CO increased by 10.0%. Fuel consumption decreased by 7.0% at 800 rpm, 7.3% at 3000 rpm, and 9.8% at 4000 rpm, but increased by 4.5% at 2000 rpm. These findings indicate that HHO addition can modify the emission profile and fuel consumption of a carburetted F8A engine, although its benefits are engine-speed dependent.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Pratama, R., Istara, M., Sukrawan, Y., & Permana, T. (2026). Experimental Evaluation of Exhaust Emission Characteristics and Fuel Consumption of an F8A Engine with HHO Electrolyzer Addition. AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education, 7(1), 113-124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/aeej.v7i1.322
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[22] A. Kunaraj and J. J. Mathavan, “Enhancing Engine Efficiency and Reducing Emissions Using HHO Gas: A Sustainable Approach to Future Energy Demands,” Energy Efficiency First, vol. 2, Art. no. 100010, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.eef.2025.100010.
[23] M. A. Jumali, A. H. Ahmad, A. S. S. Rosli, N. M. A. Norazam, K. B. Olawale, and S. A. Osman, “Effects of Oxyhydrogen (HHO) Gas Supplementation on Performance and Emissions of a 1.6L Spark Ignition (SI) Engine at Various Load Conditions,” Journal of Advanced Research in Experimental Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 149–164, 2025, doi: 10.37934/arefmht.21.1.149164.
[24] M. Estrella-Guayasamín, V. Vivar Quiroz, A. Delgado Quinto, and F. Gomez Berrezueta, “Effect of Oxyhydrogen Gas (HHO) Addition on Fuel Consumption of M2 Category Vehicle by Road Tests,” in Systems, Smart Technologies and Innovation for Society, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 1331, E. M. Inga Ortega, N. García Herranz, V. E. Robles-Bykbaev, and E. Gallego Diaz, Eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2025, pp. 227–237, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_21.
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[26] N. H. A. Fayez, M. Qenawy, H. M. M. Mustafa, M. Taha, and A. H. A. Elbatran, “Experimental Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of HHO-LPG Dual Fuel Additives for Gasoline Engines,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 189, Art. no. 152118, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.152118.
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[3] B. Wilantara and Parikhin, “Yamaha 5D9 Ignition System and Component Modification Test Against Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption,” AEEJ: Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 53–60, 2021, doi: 10.24036/aeej.v2i1.68.
[4] W. D. V. Yansyah, W. Purwanto, H. Maksum, A. Arif, I. W. Kustanrika, and S. B. Ahmad, “Rancang Bangun Sistem Injeksi Sepeda Motor 4 Langkah,” AEEJ: Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 29–36, 2024, doi: 10.24036/aeej.v5i1.133.
[5] R. A. Ali, N. A. Mulyono, and A. F. Aulina, “Effect of Water Injection System on 100cc Engine with LPG Fuel on Specific Fuel Consumption and Engine Temperature,” AEEJ: Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 117–126, 2024, doi: 10.24036/aeej.v5i2.260.
[6] R. Wahyudi, W. Purwanto, H. Maksum, M. Y. Setiawan, and Y. G. Sampurno, “The Effect of Electrolyzer Installation on 4-Stroke Modified Injection Motorcycle on Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas,” MOTIVECTION: Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 415–426, 2023, doi: 10.46574/motivection.v5i2.238.
[7] A. J. Shih et al., “Water Electrolysis,” Nature Reviews Methods Primers, vol. 2, no. 1, Art. no. 84, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s43586-022-00164-0.
[8] M. S. Gad and S. M. Abdel Razek, “Impact of HHO Produced from Dry and Wet Cell Electrolyzers on Diesel Engine Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 43, pp. 22277–22291, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.077.
[9] E. S. Mohamed, “Experimental Evaluation of a Hydroxyl (HHO) Assists Effect on Combustion, Emissions and Engine Performance for the Gasoline/CNG Bi-Fuel Engine,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 128, pp. 613–631, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.211.
[10] S. Padmanabhan, N. Punitha, N. Poyyamozhi, S. Senthil, D. Damodharan, and K. Sakunthala, “Sustainability Improvement of Spark-Ignition Engine Performance Enhanced with Nanoparticles and Hydroxy Gas,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 96, pp. 1171–1185, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.342.
[11] T. T. Do, Y. Tang, T. X. Phong, and K. N. Duc, “Implementation of Oxyhydrogen-Enriched Air on Bio-Ethanol Fueled Passenger Car,” International Journal of Thermofluids, vol. 27, Art. no. 101249, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101249.
[12] G. Sherman and A. P. Singh, “Fuel Efficiency and Emissions Reduction of Hydroxy Added Gasoline Fuel Using HydroBoost Technology,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 38, pp. 14511–14526, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.316.
[13] C. Akl, J. Dgheim, and N. El Hajj, “Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of an Oxyhydrogen (HHO) Generator for Enhanced Fuel Efficiency,” Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 9, Art. no. 3811, 2025, doi: 10.3390/su17093811.
[14] M. Sabeghi, M. Moghiman, and D. Gandomzadeh, “Experimental Study of the Effect of HHO Gas Injection on Pollutants Produced by a Diesel Engine at Idle Speed,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 24, pp. 9117–9126, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.010.
[15] F. M. Felayati, H. Prasutiyon, S. Janah, D. H. Wijaya, M. B. Saputra, and S. Semin, “Performance and Carbon Emissions of a Diesel/Oxy-Hydrogen Dual-Fuel Engine with Oxy-Hydrogen Injection Variation under Low and Medium Load Conditions,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 235–244, 2024, doi: 10.61435/ijred.2024.57983.
[16] S. Dey, A. P. Singh, S. S. Gajghate, S. Pal, B. B. Saha, M. Deb, and P. K. Das, “Optimization of CI Engine Performance and Emissions Using Alcohol–Biodiesel Blends: A Regression Analysis Approach,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 20, Art. no. 14667, 2023, doi: 10.3390/su152014667.
[17] M. S. Gad and A. E. El Soly, “Improvements of Combustion, Emissions and Exergy in Petrol Engine Using Oxyhydrogen from Different Configurations,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 49, Part B, pp. 1020–1032, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.10.037.
[18] Z. Zhao, Y. Huang, X. Yu, Z. Guo, M. Li, and T. Wang, “Effect of HHO Addition on Combustion and Emission in SI Engine with Butanol Direct Injection and Gasoline Port Injection,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 42, Art. no. 102746, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.102746.
[19] Z. Zhao, Y. Huang, X. Yu, Z. Guo, M. Li, and T. Wang, “Effect of Brown Gas (HHO) Addition on Combustion and Emission in Gasoline Engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Gasoline Direct Injection,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 360, Art. no. 132078, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132078.
[20] H. Hassan, W. A. Aissa, M. S. Eissa, and H. S. Abdel-Mohsen, “Enhancement of the Performance and Emissions Reduction of a Hydroxygen-Blended Gasoline Engine Using Different Catalysts,” Applied Energy, vol. 326, Art. no. 119979, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119979.
[21] A. C. Yilmaz, “Conjoint Impact of Modified HHO System, Compression Ratio Variation, and Tribological Enhancement of Steel Piston Ring Substrates on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 77, pp. 54–68, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.084.
[22] A. Kunaraj and J. J. Mathavan, “Enhancing Engine Efficiency and Reducing Emissions Using HHO Gas: A Sustainable Approach to Future Energy Demands,” Energy Efficiency First, vol. 2, Art. no. 100010, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.eef.2025.100010.
[23] M. A. Jumali, A. H. Ahmad, A. S. S. Rosli, N. M. A. Norazam, K. B. Olawale, and S. A. Osman, “Effects of Oxyhydrogen (HHO) Gas Supplementation on Performance and Emissions of a 1.6L Spark Ignition (SI) Engine at Various Load Conditions,” Journal of Advanced Research in Experimental Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 149–164, 2025, doi: 10.37934/arefmht.21.1.149164.
[24] M. Estrella-Guayasamín, V. Vivar Quiroz, A. Delgado Quinto, and F. Gomez Berrezueta, “Effect of Oxyhydrogen Gas (HHO) Addition on Fuel Consumption of M2 Category Vehicle by Road Tests,” in Systems, Smart Technologies and Innovation for Society, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 1331, E. M. Inga Ortega, N. García Herranz, V. E. Robles-Bykbaev, and E. Gallego Diaz, Eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2025, pp. 227–237, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_21.
[25] D. N. L. Huynh, T. H. Nguyen, D. C. Nguyen, A. V. Vo, D. T. Nguyen, V. Q. Nguyen, and H. C. Le, “Using Hydrogen as Potential Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines: A Comprehensive Assessment,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 83–103, 2025, doi: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60707.
[26] N. H. A. Fayez, M. Qenawy, H. M. M. Mustafa, M. Taha, and A. H. A. Elbatran, “Experimental Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of HHO-LPG Dual Fuel Additives for Gasoline Engines,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 189, Art. no. 152118, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.152118.